By Malcolm Pines

This article was originally presented as the opening paper of the 9th European Symposium on Group Analysis in Heidelberg in 1993. The proceedings of this symposium were published by Mattes Verlag Heidelberg.

* Malcolm Pines, FRCP, FRCPsych, DPM, is a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society, founding member of the Institute of Group Analysis in London, and past president of the International Association of Group Psychotherapy. He recently coedited Ring of Fire: Primitive Affects and Object Relations in Group Psychotherapy with Victor Schermer and also is engaged in full-time practice of psychoanalysis and group analysis in London.

· Introduction

· The Jew in Europe

· Jewish Integration and Assimilation

· Demonization of the Jew

· Freud and Foulkes

· German Group Identity and Behavior

· References